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Sex-Specific Associations of Vitamin C and Vitamin E Supplement Use with Insulin Resistance Surrogate Markers: A Cross-Sectional Study within the Tehran Lipid and Glucose Study
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F Ghafouri-Taleghani    , Z Bahadoran , Z Nozari , SA Nasiridoun , R Norouzirad , M Tohidi , F Azizi |
| Micronutrient Research Center, Research Institute for Endocrine Disorders, Research Institute for Endocrine Sciences, Shahid Beheshti University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran. , zahrabahadoran@yahoo.com |
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Abstract: (17 Views) |
Introduction: Evidence on the association between antioxidants and insulin resistance has largely focused on serum levels or dietary intake. This study aimed to assess the association between vitamin C and E supplement use and insulin resistance. Materials and Methods: This cross-sectional analysis included 19,496 adults who participated in phases 3 (2006-2008) and 4 (2009-2011) of the Tehran Lipid and Glucose Study (mean age 42.8±15.9 years; 43.7% male). Data on supplement use were collected using a questionnaire. The associations between supplement use and fasting insulin, fasting serum glucose, 2-hour post-load glucose, and insulin resistance indices (Homeostasis Model Assessment of Insulin Resistance, triglyceride-glucose index, body mass index–triglyceride-glucose index, metabolic score for insulin resistance, and triglyceride to high-density lipoprotein cholesterol ratio) were assessed using logistic regression after adjustment for confounders, stratified by sex. Results: In men, vitamin C supplement users had 40% lower odds of insulin resistance, and vitamin E supplement users had 35% lower odds of insulin resistance based on the body mass index-triglyceride-glucose index. In women, vitamin E supplement users had 28% and 29% lower odds of insulin resistance based on the metabolic score for insulin resistance and the body mass index-triglyceride-glucose index, respectively. Conclusion: Vitamin C and vitamin E supplement use may be associated with lower odds of insulin resistance in adults. |
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| Keywords: Ascorbic Acid, Vitamin C, Vitamin E, Dietary Supplements, Insulin Resistance, Cross-Sectional Studies |
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Full-Text [PDF 955 kb]
(21 Downloads)
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Type of Study: Original |
Subject:
Nutrition
Received: 2026/05/4 | Accepted: 2026/07/19 | Published: 2026/04/30
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