|
Effective Dietary Patterns in the Management of Type 2 Diabetes: A Narrative Review
|
P Mirzaei    , A Amouzegar , P Mirmiran , S Hosseinpour-Niazi |
| Endocrine Research Center, Research Institute for Endocrine Disorders, Research Institute for Endocrine Sciences, Shahid Beheshti University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran, , Amouzegar@endocrine.ac.ir |
|
|
Abstract: (33 Views) |
Type 2 diabetes is one of the most prevalent metabolic disorders worldwide and is associated with increased cardiovascular morbidity and mortality. Given the central role of medical nutrition therapy in glycemic management and cardiovascular risk reduction, recent nutritional recommendations have shifted from focusing on individual nutrients toward overall dietary patterns. The present study aimed to review and compare evidence from systematic reviews and meta-analyses regarding the effects of Mediterranean, Dietary Approaches to Stop Hypertension, ketogenic, high-protein, and very low-carbohydrate dietary patterns on glycemic control and cardiovascular risk factors in patients with type 2 diabetes. Current evidence indicates that the Mediterranean diet is the most effective dietary pattern for improving glycemic control and reducing cardiovascular risk, through lowering glycosylated hemoglobin, improving insulin sensitivity, reducing triglyceride levels, increasing high-density lipoprotein, and promoting weight loss. The Dietary Approaches to Stop Hypertension dietary pattern also demonstrates beneficial effects on blood pressure, glycosylated hemoglobin, and several metabolic parameters. In contrast, ketogenic, high-protein, and very low-carbohydrate diets may improve glycemic control and body weight in the short term; however, evidence regarding their long-term sustainability, cardiovascular health, micronutrient adequacy, and adherence remains limited or inconsistent. Overall, the Mediterranean and Dietary Approaches to Stop Hypertension dietary patterns appear to be the most appropriate nutritional approaches for the management of type 2 diabetes and reduction of cardiovascular risk due to their greater efficacy, health, and long-term applicability. Nevertheless, the effectiveness of the very low-carbohydrate and high-protein diets in diabetes management requires further long-term studies. |
|
| Keywords: Type 2 diabetes, Mediterranean dietary pattern, Dietary approaches to stop hypertension dietary pattern, Ketogenic diet, High-protein diet, Very low-carbohydrate diet |
|
|
Full-Text [PDF 810 kb]
(33 Downloads)
|
Type of Study: Review |
Subject:
Nutrition
Received: 2025/12/29 | Accepted: 2026/05/16 | Published: 2026/04/30
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
| Add your comments about this article |
|
|
|
