Introduction: Obesity has a direct relationship with metabolic and cardiovascular diseases. This study aimed to compare the effect of exercise intensity following high-intensity interval training (HIIT) and moderate-intensity aerobic training on changes in uncoupling protein-1 (UCP1) and Asprosin gene expression in visceral adipose tissue in obese rats. Materials and Methods: In this study, 30 male Wistar rats aged 8 months, after induction of obesity by consuming a high-fat diet containing 60% fat for 12-weeks, were randomly divided into three groups: obese control, obese aerobic exercise, and obese HIIT, and were trained for eight weeks, five sessions per week. Aerobic exercise, as well as HIIT, was performed by running on a treadmill at a specified intensity. Real-time PCR was used to evaluate the expression of the Asprosin and UCP1 genes in adipose tissue. Data were analyzed using SPSS statistical software and a One-Way Analysis of Variance test to compare differences between groups. Results: The results showed that eight-weeks of HIIT and aerobic training led to a significant decrease of 43.2 and 34.87% in Asprosin gene expression compared to the control group (P<0.05). Moreover, a significant increase of 274.49 and 510.18% in UCP1 gene expression was observed only in the HIIT group compared to the control and aerobic training groups (P<0.05). Conclusion: It appears that increasing the intensity of exercise has a greater effect on improving changes in the Asprosin and UCP1 genes in adipose tissue of obese rats, and low-intensity exercise is only effective in changes related to the asprosin gene.