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A Narrative Review of the Evidence and Mechanisms of Dietary Fat on Cardiovascular Diseases
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P Shirvani    , B Niknam , N Izadi , A Halimi , M Niknam |
| Research Center for Social Determinants of Health, Research Institute for Metabolic and Obesity Disorders, Research Institute for Endocrine Sciences, Shahid Beheshti University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran, , ma_niknam@yahoo.com |
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Abstract: (128 Views) |
Factors related to diet, particularly the intake of fats through various sources, significantly influence cardiovascular diseases. This review examined the existing evidence and the mechanisms by which dietary fats affect cardiovascular diseases. A search was conducted in PubMed, Web of Science, and Scopus using relevant keywords, and the results of 16 studies up to 2024 were analyzed. This study's findings indicated that dietary fats' impact on the composition of plasma lipoproteins and inflammation are two key mechanisms in the development of cardiovascular diseases. Saturated and trans fatty acids are associated with an increased risk of these diseases due to their role in raising LDL levels and stimulating inflammatory pathways. Conversely, omega-3 fatty acids reduce the risk of cardiovascular diseases by clearing triglyceride-rich lipoproteins and decreasing pro-inflammatory eicosanoids. On the other hand, excessive consumption of omega-6 fatty acids and an imbalance between omega-3 and omega-6 can increase the risk of these diseases by promoting chronic inflammation. Additionally, omega-9 fatty acids reduce inflammation and cardiovascular disease risk by inducing antioxidant pathways and decreasing the production of pro-inflammatory mediators. Overall, the findings of this study suggest that improving the lipid profile and managing inflammation through changes in the types of fatty acids consumed can be associated with a reduction in the burden of cardiovascular diseases and an improvement in the overall health of the community. These findings can guide physicians and nutritionists in designing appropriate dietary plans for patients with cardiovascular diseases. |
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| Keywords: Fatty acids, Cardiovascular diseases, Lipoproteins, Inflammation, Mechanism, Narrative review |
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Full-Text [PDF 1046 kb]
(89 Downloads)
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Type of Study: Review |
Subject:
Endocrinology
Received: 2024/11/6 | Accepted: 2025/02/4 | Published: 2024/04/29
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