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Association of Carbohydrate Quantity and Quality with the Progression of Prediabetes to Type 2 Diabetes and Regression to Normoglycemia: A 9-year Follow-up in Tehran Lipid and Glucose Study
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P Mirmiran    , Z Bahadoran , M Jalali , F َAzizi |
| Nutrition and Endocrine Research Center, Research Institute for Endocrine Sciences, Shahid Beheshti University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran. , zahrabahadoran@yahoo.com |
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Abstract: (492 Views) |
Introduction: This study aimed to determine the association between the quality and quantity of dietary carbohydrate (CHO) with the risk of pre-diabetes (pre-DM) progression to type 2 diabetes (T2D) and the chance of returning to normal glycemia. Materials and Methods: Dietary CHO quantity (total CHO and dietary fiber) and quality (glycemic index, glycemic load, insulin index, and insulin load) were assessed using a 168-item, semi-quantitative, valid, and reliable food frequency questionnaire in 334 men and women with pre-DM at baseline. The participants were followed for a median of 9 years. Fasting and 2-hours (after oral loading of 75 g glucose) plasma glucose concentrations were measured at baseline and subsequent examinations. Results: During the study follow-up, 39.8% of the pre-DM subjects progressed to T2D, and 39.8% returned to normal glycemia. Dietary total CHO, glycemic index, glycemic load, insulin index, and insulin load were not significantly associated with pre-DM regression and progression during the study follow-up. A 25% reduced risk of developing T2D was observed per 5 g/1000 kcal per day by the increased dietary intake of fiber (odds ratio: 0.75, 95% CI: 0.58-0.98; P=0.038). Conclusion: Total CHO intake and its quality were not associated with the change of glycemic status in pre-DM subjects, while higher intakes of dietary fiber decreased the risk of pre-DM progression to T2D. |
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| Keywords: Prediabetes, Type 2 diabetes, Dietary carbohydrate, Glycemic Index, Insulin index |
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Full-Text [PDF 714 kb]
(238 Downloads)
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Type of Study: Original |
Subject:
Nutrition
Received: 2023/11/25 | Accepted: 2024/01/13 | Published: 2023/07/1
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