Introduction: Thyroid cancer is the most common malignancy of endocrine systems. Nowadays, Fine Needle Aspiration Biopsy (FNAB) is the gold standard in the diagnosis of thyroid cancers. Despite the high accuracy of this method, roughly 20-30 % of patients have indeterminate cytological results and surgery (histo pathological examination) is required for final confirmation of malignancy, a limitation, for which the need to provide a non-invasive approach seems necessary. Metabolomics is the study of a complete set of metabolites in biologic samples and compared to normal cells, metabolites in cancer cells show alterations. This article reviews the role of metabolomics i.e studies in the discrimination and diagnosis of thyroid cancers. Materials and Methods: A literature search was performed in main databases including PubMed, Web of Science, Google Scholar, Scopus and Sciencedirect in a 7-year time frame from 2010 to 2017. All the articles obtained were in English. Results: Nuclear magnetic resonance (NMR) - and mass spectrometry (MS) - based techniques are the main methods in metabolomic studies, and based on the results of these studies, changes in carbohydrates, lipids and nucleotides’ metabolic pathways and the resulting metabolite alterations observed in thyroid tumors were compared with normal tissues. Conclusion: It seems that in the near future, metabolomic studies, besides conventional methods will be used for diagnosis and differentiation of different types of thyroid cancers and will most likely introduce altered metabolic pathways as therapeutic targets.