Introduction: The purpose of this study was to investigate the effects of camel and cow milk on blood sugar and lipid profiles of patients with diabetes mellitus, who injected lantus insulin. Materials and Methods: In a randomized clinical trial, 40 patients with diabetes mellitus, using lantus insulin injections were randomly allocated  two groups of camel milk receivers (19 patients, mean age 59.84±1.05) and cow milk receivers (17 patients, mean age 49.47±2.93). The two groups consumed 500 mL of either camel milk or cow milk daily for three months. Results: Changes in mean glucose levels of the camel milk group were significant, over the study duration and (P<0.05). HbA1c decreased significantly in both groups (P<0.05). There was significant reduction of the insulin dose required in the patients receiving camel milk (13.71%), compared to those who received cow milk (0.25%; P<0.05). In the group receiving camel milk, there was a significant increase in HDL-C levels (P<0.05). There was no difference in fasting blood sugar, fasting insulin, HbA1c, HOMA-IR and lipid profiles between the two groups at the end of study (P>0.05). Conclusion: Camel milk decreased blood sugar, HbA1c and required the insulin dose required in diabetes mellitus patients, who inject lantus insulin and in could also contribute to glycemic control in these patients.