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The Effect of Different Exercise Training on Circulating BDNF in Adults with Metabolic Disorders: A Systematic Review with Network Meta-Analysis
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F Ghasemi    , M Khalafi , F Dehghani , A Jamali , A Ghanbarpour Nosrati |
| Department of Exercise Physiology, Faculty of Sport Sciences, University of Guilan, Guilan. Iran, , faegheghasemi71@gmail.com |
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Abstract: (186 Views) |
Introduction: Decreased physical activity and metabolic disorders are associated with reduced brain-derived neurotrophic factor (BDNF) levels and cognitive impairment. Therefore, the present study aimed to investigate the effects of exercise training on BDNF levels and compare the effectiveness of different exercise types in adults with metabolic disorders using network meta-analysis. Materials and Methods: A systematic search was conducted in PubMed, Web of Science, Scopus, Google Scholar, Magiran, and Noormags databases for English and Persian articles up to January 2025. The inclusion criteria were: 1) studies conducted on individuals with metabolic abnormalities or individuals with a body mass index (BMI) ≥28, 2) comparison of exercise training intervention with a control group, 3) randomized controlled trials, and 4) reporting serum or plasma BDNF levels. The standardized mean difference (SMD) and 95% confidence intervals (CIs) were used to determine the effect size. Results: A total of 34 studies with 1192 participants were included in the meta-analysis. Exercise training significantly increased BDNF levels compared to the control group [SMD=0.66 (95% CI: 0.40 to 0.93), p<0.001]. Subgroup analysis showed that this effect was observed in both adults and older adults, as well as in obese and non-obese individuals. The network meta-analysis showed that aerobic training [SMD=0.81 (95% CI: 0.44 to 1.18), p<0.001] and resistance training [SMD=0.68 (95% CI: 0.15 to 1.21), p=0.01] had a significant effect on increasing BDNF levels, whereas combined training and HIIT had no significant effects. Conclusion: Evidence shows that aerobic and resistance training significantly increase BDNF levels in individuals with metabolic disorders and can be used as non-pharmacological approaches to promote brain, cognitive, and metabolic health. |
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| Keywords: Aerobic training, Resistance training, Metabolic disorders, BDNF, Network meta-analysis |
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Full-Text [PDF 1269 kb]
(113 Downloads)
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Type of Study: Review |
Subject:
Exercise
Received: 2025/11/20 | Accepted: 2026/05/24 | Published: 2026/04/30
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