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Dysregulation of microRNA Expression in Graves' Disease: A Systematic Review of Human Studies Validated by RT-qPCR
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A Zadeh-Vakili    , A Amouzegar , R Sadat Saba , M Zarkesh |
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Abstract: (10 Views) |
Introduction: Evidence suggests that dysregulated microRNAs are associated with the development of autoimmune thyroid diseases. This study aimed to systematically investigate changes in microRNA expression in Graves' disease (GD) to identify pathogenic mechanisms and evaluate their potential as biomarkers. Materials and Methods: Databases including Embase, PubMed, Web of Science, and Scopus were searched up to December 31, 2024, using both MeSH terms and free-text keywords, yielding 12,930 articles. A two-step screening process (titles followed by abstracts) was conducted based on inclusion and exclusion criteria. Eligible studies compared microRNA expression in thyroid or blood samples from GD patients versus healthy controls, and confirmed the results by Real-Time Quantitative Reverse Transcription PCR (RT-qPCR). Review articles, animal studies, and in vitro research were excluded. Results: Twenty-one studies met the inclusion criteria. Thirty-five microRNAs were identified as differentially expressed in GD patients compared to controls, and their expression was confirmed by qRT-PCR. Only three microRNAs—miR-146a, miR-142, and Let-7b—showed significant results in more than two studies. Conclusion: Three key microRNAs involved in GD were identified. These microRNAs play roles in regulating immune response and inflammation and may facilitate the development and progression of GD. These findings contribute to understanding GD's etiology and suggest these microRNAs as potential diagnostic or prognostic biomarkers and therapeutic targets. However, inconsistencies in results necessitate further studies with standardized samples and designs to confirm their clinical applicability. |
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| Keywords: microRNA, Autoimmune thyroid disease, Graves' disease, Systematic review, Biomarker, RT-qPCR, miR-146a, miR-142, Let-7b |
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Full-Text [PDF 1176 kb]
(9 Downloads)
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Type of Study: Review |
Subject:
Genetic
Received: 2025/07/30 | Accepted: 2025/10/26 | Published: 2025/03/30
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