Introduction: The aim of this study was to determine why Iranian endocrinologists choose endocrinology and to ascertain the advantages and limitations that they encounter. Materials and Methods: A questionnaire including 3 open questions and one with 8 choices was sent to 157 endocrinologists, whose email was available in the list of the Iran Endocrine Society for analysis of responses to open questions. Results: Of the 157 endocrinologists, 81 (52%), - 42 females (52%) and 39 males (48%)- responded. Eighty-one percent wrote back saying they had selected internal medicine as a specialty because it is “the basic scientific principles of medicine”. Answers to the question “Why did you choose endocrinology?” were: “It has a constant process of thinking in diagnosis and treatment (69%), systematic and intellectual decision making (62%), the influence of a role model-a distinguished mentor (59%), interaction with other systems and organs (55%), motivation and the availability of updated data (55%)”. Endocrinologists believed that the major limitations of this subspecialty to be: “Excessive dependence on accurate laboratory procedures, not always available (62%) and lower income, as compared to other medical specialties (53%)”. Conclusion: This study shows that despite the lower income, the rewards of choosing endocrinology, in particular its research and scientific evidence-based process of thinking, are major reasons why physicians choose this subspecialty. Availability of and accessibility to well-facilitated laboratories and higher incomes could minimize the challenges faced by physician endocrinologists.