Introduction: Central obesity down regulates adiponectin gene expression and plasma adiponectin concentration. The effects of lifestyle activity modification (LAM) training according to Centers for Disease Control (CDC) and American College of Sports Medicine ACSM guidelines on adiponectin gene expression and its secretion in obese people is not well known. The purpose of this study hence was to examine the effects of LAM on adiponectin gene expression and plasma adiponectin in obese men. Materials and Methods: Sixteen healthy middle aged men (42.06±6.01 years mean ± SD) participated in this study. The subjects were randomly assigned to the LAM (n=8) and control group (n=8). Subjects in the LAM group walked 2 miles for 30 minutes for 4 days for 12 weeks on treadmill according to the CDC and ACSM guidelines. After 12 weeks LAM training, subjects were asked to avoid any high intensity physical activity for a week. Results: The results showed that weight, BMI, body fat mass, body fat percent, central (visceral and subcutaneous) and peripheral subcutaneous fat volume, waist and hip circumstance and waist to hip ratio (WHR) were decreased significantly after 12 weeks in the LAM group, compared to the controls (P<0.05). After one week detraining, body composition in the training group was maintained and did not change significantly. Also, maximum oxygen uptake, adiponectin gene expression on abdominal and hip subcutaneous adipose tissue were increased significantly in the LAM group compared to controls after 12 weeks (P<0.05). On the other hand, after 12 weeks LAM training no significant differentces were observed in plasma adiponectin and serum high sensitive C reactive protein (hs-CRP), levels  between groups, while after one week detraining plasma adiponectin and serum hs-CRP levels were significantly increased and decreased respectively (P<0.05). Conclusion: Although, twelve weeks LAM training improved body composition, cardiorespiratory fitness and adiponectine gene expression in obese men, but the intensity and time of these exercises are not enough to increase plasma adiponectin and hs-CRP reduction.

Abstract

Introduction: The purpose of this study was evaluating the effect of obesity and weight reduction induced by endurance training on UCP3 mRNA expression in C57BL/6 mice. Materials and Methods: Twenty-four C57BL/6 mice consumed a high-fat diet, while 6 (NB Group) were fed a normal chow for 12 weeks. After the fattening period, 6 obese mice (OB Group) were sacrificed. Twelve mice trained 5 sessions per week for 12 weeks on a rodent treadmill with high (HI Group) (~75% VO2max) and/or low intensity (LI Group) (~50% VO2max) during a training period. The control group (OC Group) was kept inactive in the cages till the end of the period. Body weight was measured and recorded weekly. UCP3 mRNA expression was measured in gastrocnemius muscle using Real Time-PCR method and plasma FFA concentrations were measured using the ELISA method. Results: In the training groups, weight reduction was significant in the 8th week (p<0.05). Average relative UCP3 mRNA expression was significantly lower in the HI and LI groups, than in the OC group (0.5±0.25 and 1.04±0.96, respectively, vs. 2.58±0.57 arbitrary unit p<0.05). Plasma FFA conce­ntrations were significantly lower in the HI and OB groups compared to the LI group (p<0.05). Conclusion: When energy intake and consequently body weight increases, UCP3 increases to extend the thermogenesis and fatty acid oxidation’s process. In contrast, UCP3 downregulates with exercise-induced weight loss in order to counteract this process.

Introduction: The aim of present study was to investigate the interaction of aerobic training and calorie restriction on levels of adiponectin isomers in serum and abdominal fat depots in obese male rats. Materials and Methods: Forty-eight wistar male rats were used as the study sample. Blood and tissue samples were collected at the 1^st, 18^th and 28^th weeks. After baseline sampling, the remaining 40 rats were randomly divided into control and high-fat-diet groups. The high-fat-diet group received their regimen for 18 weeks and were then randomly divided into the negative energy balance (NEB) and high-fat-diet (HFD) subgroups. NEB group alternately underwent 25% calorie restriction or aerobic training (running) with an intensity of 70 to 75% of vo2max for 10 weeks. Results: Compared to the standard diet, HFD feeding increased weight and decreased retroperitoneal adipose tissue adiponectin level at the 18th and 28^th weeks (P<0.05). In comparison to the HFD, group negative energy balance in obese male rats, caused weight control with significant increase in serum levels of total and high-molecular-weight adiponectin as well as adiponectin levels in retroperitoneal and mesenteric fat depots (P<0.05). Also insulin resistance index in line with serum concentrations of insulin, glucose and triglycerides were decreased in negative energy balance, compared to the high-fat-diet group (P<0.05). Conclusion: This study indicates that even with simultaneous consumption of high-fat-diet, combination of aerobic training and calorie restriction can increase concentrations of adiponectin in serum and abdominal fat depots of obese male rats, and aligned with it improves lipid and metabolic profiles.