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Abstract: To evaluate the role of a single progesterone measurement in prediction of the outcome of pregnancy in women with vaginal bleeding at early gestational period, this prospective, case–control study was performed on 100 pregnant women with vaginal bleeding under 18th gestational week who were referred to Mirza Khoochak Khan Hospital. Serum progesterone was measured in cases and compared with control subjects (53 pregnant women under 18th gestational week who were visited for prenatal care in the same hospital). The study group was divided into 2 groups prospectively including 65 subjects with terminated pregnancy due to abortion (group 1) and 35 subjects with viable gestation. Cases and controls were adjusted for age, the number of deliveries and gestation and the history of abortion. Serum progesterone level in group 1 was significantly lower than that in group 2 (27±9 ng/ml) and control group (34±12 ng/ml) (P<0.05). Cutoff point of 10ng/ml for progesterone level was considered to differ between viable and aborted pregnancy. The sensitivity of %77 and specificity and positive predictive value (PVP) of %100 were calculated for this cutoff point. Therefore, a single progesterone measurement can be applied for women with vaginal bleeding at early pregnancy in order to predict the viability of pregnancy.

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Introduction: Primary amenorrhea is one of the most important complaint of women in reproductive age. To determine the causes responsible for primary amenorrhea this study was performed on the basis of clinical, sonography and laboratories investigations. Material and Method: This case series study was performed at Ayat –allah Taleghani teaching hospital during the years of 2003-5 . Data were collected from the patients who attended or referred to the clinics of gynecology or endocrinology wards since 10 years ago. Result: 53 cases were evaluated.Mean age of the patients was 26.82±7.24 years when they were visited at the clinics. The most common cause of primary infertility was mullerian dysgenesis (n=19) according to clinical, sonography and laboratories investigations. Hypogonadotropic hypogonadism and congenital adrenal hyperplasia were seen in 12 and 8 patients, respectively. 5 patients had gonadal dysgenesis. Conclusion: This study suggest that registration of patients with primary amenorrhea in research center, can be beneficial for diagnosis and intervention.

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Introduction: Evidence indicates that hipppocampus and activation of glucocorticoid receptors in this area are necessary for emotional learning and memory processes also some studies suggest that glucocorticoid’s effects probably involve with processes of protein synthysis in the hippocmapus. The aim of this study was to determine the role of intrahippocampal microinjections of anisomycin [(ANS) as a protein synthysis inhibitor)] on dexamethasone-induced modulation of memory consolidation in the passive avoidance learning (PAL) task in rats. Material and Methods: In this study, 90 male Wistar rats (250–300 gr) were surgically implanted bilaterally with cannulae aimed at the dorsal hippocampus (DH) were trained in PAL task. In experiment 1. Dexamethasone (0.1, 0.5, 1 and 3 mg/kg IP) was injected immediately after training and vehicle injected into DH. In experiment 2. Anisomycin (0.5, 1 µg/µl/side) or vehicle were injected bilaterally into the DH followed immediately by IP injection of Dexamethasone (1 mg/kg) or vehicle. Two days after training, retention tests were done and step-through latency (STL) and total time spent in light chamber (TLC) of apparatus were recorded during 10 min and compared with controls. Results: Data indicated that injection of Dexamethasone immediatly after training enhanced memory consolidation (P<0.01) and this effect was blocked by injection of ANS in to the DH (P<0.01). Conclusion: The findings above showed that glucocorticoids play on important role in consolidation of emotional learning and probably in processes of protein synthesis in the hippocampus may play an important role in mediating these effects.

 

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Abstract

introduction: Osteoprosis is a well recognized health hazard for women who are the main group at risk.This study assessed the relative risk factors of osteoprosis in women referring to the Chamran Hospital densitometry center during the year 1386, with the aim of designing a formula to estimate the severity of osteoprosis based on its risk factors. Materials and Methods: This cross sectional analytic study used the data of outpatients (n=1047) who visited the Bone Densitometry Center of Chamran Hospital during the year 1386. Information was gathered using questionnaires, completed face to face and the cases underwent Dexa densitometry of the hip and vertebras. The data were analysed with SPSS software. Results: Of the patients, 73% were menopausal the average and standard deviation of age and weight was 54.5± (10.3), 69.5± (10.8) and the average and standard deviation of T-score of hip and lumbar spine was -1.88± (1.08), -1.04±(1.05). After assessment, the precipitating factors of osteoprosis of hip were age, menopause, time of menopause, history of fracture, history of taking calcium supplements and dosage, number of deliveries, and duration of breast feedings. The preventing factors were weight, OCPs, exercise, (p<0.05) being significant the percipitating factors in vertebras were age, menopause, time of menopause, diabetes, history of fracture, history of calcium supplement usage and dosage, number of deliveries, timing of breast feeding and the preventing factor was weight, (p=<0.05) being significant. Using the use of stepwise regression analysis, a minimal mathematical model for predicting of bone density of hip and lumbar spine was formulated. Then the mathematical model of hip in the form of clinical decision rule (CDR) was validated with less number of independent cases. Conclusion: Using the method mentioned, along with clinical findings and history, persons at risk of osteoporosis can be identified and early prevention and treatment are possible. This can also prevent unnecessary expenses of diagnostic procedures for people without the risks of osteoprosis.

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Introduction: Nonalcoholic steatohepatitis (NASH), a stage of fatty liver, occuring in individuals with little or no alcohol consumption, is characterized by macro- and microvesicular steatosis with inflammation, ballooning degeneration, hepatocyte necrosis, Mallory bodies and fibrosis. It has been suggested that oxidative stress might play an important role in the pathog­enesis and progress of NASH. The aim of present study was to determine the preventive effect of catalytic antioxidants (two Mn-salen complexes) on diet-induced steatohepatitis in rats. Materials and Methods: NASH was induced in male N-Mary rats by feeding them with a methionine - choline deficient (MCD) diet for 14 weeks. The rats were randomly assigned to receive vitamin C, EUK-8, EUK-134 (n=5, 30 mg/Kg/day) or vehicle orally. At the end of the experiment, sera biochemical analyses and histopathological examination of liver samples were performed. Results: Treatment of rats with Mn-salens and or vitamin C significantly reduced the sera cholesterol, glucose, aminotransferases and alkaline phosphatase activities, the extent of lipid peroxidation and protein carbonylation whereas the weight and HDL level were significantly increased. In addition, these compounds improved NASH pathological features in liver of MCD fed rats. SPSS statistical software was used for statistical analysis, with P values of less than 0.05 being considered statistically significant. Conclusion: Based on the present data, supplementation of Mn-salen complexes could be beneficial in the prevention of nonalcoholic steatohepatitis in rats.

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Introduction: Sesame seeds contain large amounts of antioxidants and phytoestrogens, and it has been shown that the leaf extract of this plant may have some beneficial effects on the reproductive parameters of male rats. Thus we tested the effects of the sesame oil on these parameters of reproductivity in male rats. Materials and Methods: Fifteen mature male Wistar male rats were divided into the control and sesame oil groups. For eight weeks the control and sesame oil groups were fed the basic rat diet and basic rat diet supplemented with 5% sesame oil respectively. Following blood collection and euthanasia the epididymal sperm were counted, the morphology of testes was accessed, and leydig, sertoli, spermatogonia and spermatocyts cells were counted in histological sections of the testes. The level of testosterone and estradiol 17- β were measured. Results: Consumption of 5% sesame oil compared to control group, decreased blood glucose and increased the epididymal sperm count and progressive motility and the number of spermatogonia of seminiferous tubule (P<0.05), but had no effect on weight and testicular morphology. Conclusion: This study showed that the sesame oil consumption improves some reproductive parameters, which may be related to the antioxidative and phytostrogenic properties of the sesame oil or insulin action improvement.

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Introduction: The direct relationship between inflammation and resistance to insulin has been well codumented. It also has been demonstrated that the aim of this study was to evaluate the effect of eight weeks aerobic interval training on adiponectin serum levels, lipid profiles and HS-CRP in women with type II diabetes. Materials and Methods: In this study, 18 patients with type II diabetes were  enrolled in two groups (experimental and control). The experimental group underwent aerobic interval training and pedaling on the ergometer bicycle with 65 to 80 percent of their maximum leg power, three times a week for eight weeks. Blood samples were obtained in two pre-test and post-test steps to measure the adiponectin serum levels and HS-CRP by the ELISA method and lipid profiles using biochemical methods. Results: Statistical analysis showed that after eight weeks of aerobic interval training, adiponectin serum levels, lipid profiles and HS-CRP of the experimental group showed no significant differences in comparison with the controls (p>0.05). Conclusion: Results indicate that in women with type II diabetes, aerobic interval training, three times a week, for eight weeks with 65 to 80 percent of maximum leg power, improves resistance to insulin but, has no effect on adiponectin serum levels, lipid profiles and HS-CRP.

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Introduction: Weakening of the liver antioxidant capacity and oxidative damage play a crucial role in the genesis of hepatocellular damage during diabetic states. Considering to the antioxidant property of rosuvastatin, the aim of present study was to investigate whether rosuvastatin improves antioxidant capacity and oxidative damage of liver tissue in diabetes. Materials and Methods: Twenty-four rats were randomly divided into four groups (n=6 each), normal, treated normal, diabetic and treated diabetic groups. Diabetes was induced in rats by an intravenous injection of streptozotocin (40 mg/kg). Treated rats received rosuvastatin (10 mg/kg) daily by a gavage tube for sixty days. At the end, blood samples were collected for measuring blood glucose, and liver tissue was removed to determine malondialdehyde, glutathione and NOx (nitrate and nitrite) contents as well as catalase and superoxide dismutase activities. Results: Induction of diabetes (blood glucose >300 mg/dL) significantly increased the malondialdehyde content (4.00±0.44 µMol/L), compared with the normal group (1.08±0.39 µMol/L), whereas rosuvastatin significantly decreased it (2.42±0.56 µMol/L), without changing blood glucose levels. Diabetes decreased the activities of catalase and superoxide dismutase by 81 and 54%, respectively. Treatment with rosuvastatin increased the catalase activity (90%) and glutathione content (65%) in diabetic rats. Also, diabetes significantly decreased the NOx content (15±1 µMol/L), compared to the normal group (34±15 µMol/L), whereas rosuvastatin significantly increased it (61±16 µMol/L). Conclusion: Our results indicate that rosuvastatin can increase the antioxidant capacity of diabetic liver, and treatment with rosuvastatin may hence improve the tissue and oxidative damages of the liver during diabetic states.

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