Introduction: FABP4 (A-FABP or aP2) is a member of the fatty acid-binding protein family that plays an essential regulatory role in energy metabolism and inflammation. The aim of this study was to investigate the effect of resistance training with progressive load on plasma levels of FABP4 and the lipid profile in Streptozotocin-induced diabetic rats. Materials and Methods: Twenty four male Wister rats (12-14 weeks old) were randomly divided into three groups: Non-diabetic control, diabetic control, and diabetic training. Rats in the diabetic training group were subjected to a resistance training program (3 days/wk, for 4 wk), which consisted of climbing a ladder while carrying a load suspended from the tail. Plasma levels of glucose, FABP4 and lipid profiles, as well as liver cholesterol and triglycerides were measured. Results: Plasma FABP4 concentration in the diabetic control group was significantly lower compared with non-diabetic controls and diabetic training groups respectively, (P=0.016 and P<0.001). We did not find any significant difference in plasma lipid profiles between the groups. The amount of liver triglycerides in the diabetic training group was significantly lower compared with the non-diabetic control group (P=0.020). Conclusions: Results indicated that 4 weeks resistance training decreases liver triglycerides, and increases plasma FABP4 concentrations in streptozotocin induced diabetic rats. Further research is needed to elucidate the physiological significance of circulating FABP4 levels.