Introduction: Liver X receptor Beta (NR1H3) has a pivotal role in carbohydrate and lipid metabolism and is located in an obesity susceptibility region, and genetic variations in it may play a role in etiology of human obesity. This study aims to assess the association of the LXRβ rs17373080 polymorphism with obesity and related traits. Materials and Methods: A total of 435 unrelated subjects, including 160 obese, 201 overweight and 74 controls randomly selected from Mashhad city, were enrolled in the present case-control study. The anthropometric and biochemical parameters were measured and DNA samples were genotyped by the TaqMan assay. Results: Allelic and genotypic frequencies showed no significant associations with obesity and related traits, even after age and gender adjustment. By logistic regression using a dominant model, the odds ratios for the obesity were: 0.85 (0.46-1.57) for genotype CG and 1.14 (0.48-2.69) for genotype GG, compared with the genotype CC as a reference. The allelic frequency of the LXRβ gene variant in whole population and also in three BMI groups was in the Hardy-Weinberg equilibrium. Conclusions: This study revealed no association between LXRβ rs17373080 polymorphism and the risk of obesity in an Iranian population, suggesting this SNP is not a major contributor to risk of obesity.